You have poplar, hickory, red maple and red oak. The poplar would NOT be good bow wood. The hickory would be great. If you cut the hickory now or later in the summer the bark will peel off easily and that will be the back of your bow. That's the one I would cut for sure.
The red maple would be OK and the red oak OK, but I would go with the hickory for sure if it's straight. Find a good straight one and you'll have some good bow wood. Cut the log into 6'-0" to 6-6" lengths, split out your staves, peel the bark off the back and seal the ends and back with shellac. Store the staves outside for a few weeks under cover with good air flow but out of the sun. After that you could move them inside for further drying.
At that point you can reduce one or two to your rough bow dimensions and it will dry faster. You may want to clamp it down to a form to keep it from warping or twisting until it dries another month or so.
Good luck and have fun!
