Primitive Archer

Main Discussion Area => Bows => Topic started by: WolfPupTee on January 25, 2012, 03:55:21 pm

Title: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: WolfPupTee on January 25, 2012, 03:55:21 pm
How did primitive peoples cut antler and horn for a horn bow or a billet? What did they use?
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Pat B on January 25, 2012, 05:32:34 pm
Stone blades.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: doggonemess on January 25, 2012, 06:05:26 pm
Flint and obsidian are incredibly sharp when shaped into a wedge. I've heard that they can rival scalpels. Shaped into a triangle, I imagine you could make a pretty decent drill-point to hollow out anything as well.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Bevan R. on January 25, 2012, 06:18:42 pm
I've heard that they can rival scalpels.
The reason obsidian is so sharp is because it breaks on the molecular level. Tiny flakes have been used in eye surgery because even the best scalpel cannot be sharpened that fine. They are very delicate. Obsidian made into arrowheads or knifes cannot have that delicate of edge.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: osage outlaw on January 25, 2012, 06:54:22 pm
I have read that an obsidian flake is the sharpest known object in the world.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Bevan R. on January 25, 2012, 07:09:05 pm
It is that 'molecular level' thing. flakes can feather out to a molecular edge. I have seen comparisons of a surgical scalpel edge to an obsidian flake. Under a powerfull microscope, it is like compairing a lawn mower blade to a razor blade.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: WolfPupTee on January 25, 2012, 07:12:30 pm
Wow I knew it was sharp. And antler is only dead bone after all.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: kiwijim on January 25, 2012, 07:31:26 pm
Laubin suggests that horn bows in North America were relatively recent; 16th C. This would mean that bowyers may have had access to steel for cutting and shaping horn. I would be interesting to hear Dr Grayson's opinion on this.

The technique I use for tackling ram horn is probably very ancient and could be replicated with a stone age bow-drill.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Lee Slikkers on January 25, 2012, 09:42:51 pm
Excellent method for cutting that ram horn (wish I had seen this or thought about it when I was trying to cut one up a bit ago)  Out of curiosity what species ram is that horn?
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: WolfPupTee on January 25, 2012, 09:46:43 pm
You drilled holes down the length of it and then tapped a wedge into the holes to split it is what you are saying?
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: kiwijim on January 26, 2012, 12:33:43 am
Yep, I split the horn along the holes with a chisel. The horn is from a Wiltshire Ram.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: WolfPupTee on January 26, 2012, 01:35:15 am
Makes sense!
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: mikekeswick on January 26, 2012, 04:47:21 am
Anybody who has made hornbows will realise that stone tools just aren't upto the job. Steel knifes would have been used. Remember why they started using hornbows - primarily to use on horseback. The pesky whiteman was already well 'settled' and trading for knives would have happened.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Del the cat on January 26, 2012, 09:10:16 am
And antler is only dead bone after all.
Hmmm I don't think so....but I'm not sure.
Anyone like to opine on this? Obviously Horn isn't bone but is Antler????
I'm confused.
Del
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: crooketarrow on January 26, 2012, 09:23:52 am
  CUT AND SAND AND DRILLED HOLES with what ever stone they had.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: WolfPupTee on January 26, 2012, 09:52:36 am
I would like to see it done that way. Anyone know a vid?
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Oglala Bowyer on January 26, 2012, 10:45:52 am
Wolf try "The Sheep Eaters: Archers of the Yellowstone"  In there you will see Tom Lucas actually soften the horn by heated water, than cut with obsidian.  In fact, he sands down the horn with sand stone.  Hope this helps
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: dwardo on January 26, 2012, 12:50:22 pm
And antler is only dead bone after all.
Hmmm I don't think so....but I'm not sure.
Anyone like to opine on this? Obviously Horn isn't bone but is Antler????
I'm confused.
Del

Antler and horn i am pretty sure is the same stuff that hair is made from, Keratin.
Certainly stinks like burning hair/teeth. Have been grinding away some overlays recently and it really gets up my nose, litteraly.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: WolfPupTee on January 26, 2012, 01:05:06 pm
I think horn is made of keratin and antler is dead bone. I don't know, maybe I'll ask my biology professor tomorrow because we are actually talking about bone right now  ;D 
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Parnell on January 26, 2012, 01:20:42 pm
I've viewed the Sheepeater's video.  Indeed, Tom does use only obsidian and sandstone to do his horn work.  He boils them in the hot spring before removing the strip. 2cents.  I like the video, just wish it was longer.  He wanted it to be, he said.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Lee Slikkers on January 26, 2012, 01:29:18 pm
I've viewed the Sheepeater's video.  Indeed, Tom does use only obsidian and sandstone to do his horn work.  He boils them in the hot spring before removing the strip. 2cents.  I like the video, just wish it was longer.  He wanted it to be, he said.

Have the video as well Parnell and also wish it were WAY longer and a bit more detailed.  Wonder if a group of us could talk him into filming a more complete video on his process?  Maybe he could charge $10 or so for a copy (I'd pay that easily)  I know he is a busy artist but if he has a passion for this art form maybe an appeal from an interested group would sway him...

Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Patches on January 26, 2012, 04:09:36 pm
Horn is keratin.  Antler is bone.  When in velvet, antlers have a good blood supply and are growing, so by that, antler is not "dead" bone.  The blood veins are in the velvet.  When the blood ceases to flow to the antlers, the velvet is shed.  If you have ever seen a deer that is shedding the velvet, the antlers are red because there is still an small amount on blood in the velvet.  After the velvet is gone, the antlers can't grow anymore.  When antler growth begans again in mid winter, it causes the existing antlers to drop off or shed, allowing the new antlers to grow. 
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Parnell on January 26, 2012, 06:03:46 pm
Interesting thought Lee.  Dunno how he would feel about it - I spoke with him on the phone for a bit when ordering that video and he did talk about it initially supposing to be longer.  I can understand why he wouldn't want to just YouTube it all out if he spent so much time unravelling the questions on his own...OK - I'm stopping, don't want to hijack things.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: WolfPupTee on January 26, 2012, 07:39:31 pm
you're not hijacking parnell, this thread is very informative. I appreciate all input.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Bill Skinner on January 27, 2012, 12:32:15 am
If you soak antler in water for about a week, it gets very soft, about like a really dense cheese.  It can be cut with a denticulated stone blade pretty easy then.  Obsidian is not avery good stone for working antler, cherts are much better, they are a lot stronger and are less brittle.  I haven't done anything with horn but it is the same material but it has more oil in it, according to a friend who has worked it.  Hoof will also soften up if you soak it.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Justin Snyder on January 27, 2012, 11:58:52 am
Having done some, I can tell you that soaking horn is not enough by itself. Boiling does make a huge difference. I used obsidian, and as was mentioned, it isn't the best because the edge crumbles to easily. Harder stone is absolutely better. I am a long way from finishing the bow, so maybe I will try some video when I get time to work on it. It will be an abo bow. Stone blades, sandstone and wood. Sanding horn with sandstone is actually really effective.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Lee Slikkers on January 27, 2012, 01:20:48 pm
Justin, I would absolutely love to see any video or pics of your project.  What species of horn are you using?
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Justin Snyder on January 27, 2012, 03:54:08 pm
Justin, I would absolutely love to see any video or pics of your project.  What species of horn are you using?
Bison. I have been trying to gather as much info on the original as possible. I have been cutting with the edge of the blade, but I can see how the drill might make it easier. It takes a long time to work through horn with stone. I made some clay pots to boil the horn over a wood fire. Been collecting bison sinew whenever possible. Even planted a sapling to grow the right species of wood.  ;) I have 3/4 of the horn done, but it has been sitting for over a year, so by the time I get all of the horn processed the tree will be plenty large. Hopefully this spring/summer I will have time to get back to it and finish it. I will try to get video of the whole process when I do the rest of the horn.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Lee Slikkers on January 27, 2012, 05:32:28 pm
That sounds like an awesome project bud...are you cutting the bison horn spirally then?  I bought a pair off flebay and tried to do the cut/build like it was featured in a back issue of PA but pretty much ruined the horn with my bandsaw and couldn't get it straight or flat enough.  I'd like to try again but have a pair of Aoudad & Gemsbok horns I am considering ruining first  >:D

Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: Justin Snyder on January 27, 2012, 06:20:42 pm
Lee, Im cutting several per limb then butting them up against each other. I had never seen the spiral cut until recently. Im not saying it wont work, but when I am done the horn will match the natural profile it grew in, meaning the natural curl up from the skull will go the same direction as the reflex of the bow. You wouldnt take a reflexed bow and steam it to another shape so it was reflexed another direction, so why do it to horn. Just doesn't seem right to me, but I am a simple minded person.  :-\

Projects of this size tend to get put on the back burner fairly often, but it hasn't been put on the shelf.
Title: Re: How did they cut horn and antler?
Post by: doggonemess on February 06, 2012, 02:28:31 pm
I've heard that they can rival scalpels.
The reason obsidian is so sharp is because it breaks on the molecular level. Tiny flakes have been used in eye surgery because even the best scalpel cannot be sharpened that fine. They are very delicate. Obsidian made into arrowheads or knifes cannot have that delicate of edge.

I had no idea it formed edges that sharp. But then, it is a form of glass, and when glass breaks, it sometimes forms into tiny hairs that slice through the thickest skin (like my heels - I've stepped on a few thanks to my cats and dogs and kids breaking glasses). I've read all kinds of interesting things about obsidian now, including this:

Quote
For those with the patience and persistence to learn, beautiful stone arrowheads can be chipped out of flint, chert, agate, obsidian (volcanic glass), and even man-made glass.

From this site:

http://www.midwestlandcompany.com/newsletter/

The article is about "The Return of Primitive Archery". Seems topical.  :)

It seems that some people do make obsidian arrowheads, although I can understand the worry about them being fragile. A bad hit (or miss) could shatter the head, I'm sure.